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“Even former Nazis could identify with Israeli expansionism — and used this support to absolve their own pasts. “Between 80 and 100 percent of steel and iron for Israel’s growing machine industry came from German resource payments to Israel, without which Israel would have been unable to develop its industrial base… By 1954, some 20 percent of Israel’s imports were from West Germany, making it Israel’s second-biggest import partner. “The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) gained access to a higher-quality arsenal. German officers were also sent to Israel to train the IDF, while Israeli officers were sent to Germany to be trained by the Bundeswehr, including future IDF chiefs such as Haim Laskov. “Over a thousand West Germans asked the Israeli embassy if they could become Israeli soldiers, including the writer Günter Grass, previously of the Waffen-SS. “Instead of challenging the capitalist elites that fed Nazism’s initial rise and continue to dominate German politics to this ...